What is the formal parliamentary term for discussing the merits of a motion?

The term that specifically refers to the formal discussion of the merits of a motion is "debate." In parliamentary procedure, debate involves the presentation of arguments both in favor of and against a motion, allowing members to articulate their views and persuade others. This process is structured by rules that govern speaking times, the order of speakers, and the overall conduct of the discussion, ensuring that all perspectives can be considered thoughtfully and respectfully.

While consideration is often used in parliamentary contexts, it typically refers to the process of taking a motion under advisement rather than the active discussion of its merits. Meanwhile, discussion is more of a general term that doesn't imply the formalized structure or competing viewpoints that a debate entails. Review usually pertains to looking over materials or past actions rather than engaging in a detailed discussion about a motion at hand. Thus, "debate" distinctly captures the formal process of discussing a motion's advantages and disadvantages.